Men’s swimwear has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past century, shifting from the modest and cumbersome wool suits of the late 19th century to the sleek, functional and stylish trunks of today. This evolution has been driven by advancements in textile technology, changing societal norms and the growing cultural emphasis on fitness, leisure and self-expression. The transformation of men’s swimwear is a reflection of broader societal shifts, from concerns over modesty to a celebration of individuality and performance. So let’s have a look at the history of men’s swimwear and the key factors that shaped its development.
Early Days: Modesty Over Comfort
(Late 19th Century – Early 20th Century)
In the late 1800s, men’s swimwear prioritized modesty above all else. Bathing suits of this era were typically made from wool or heavy cotton blends and covered most of the body, extending from the shoulders down to the knees. These garments resembled long shorts or even full-body jumpsuits and were heavily influenced by the strict Victorian-era social norms that emphasized decorum and conservative dress.
Swimming was not yet widely recognized as a leisure activity but was instead viewed as a therapeutic pursuit, often recommended for its supposed health benefits. Beaches were popular destinations for their fresh air and believed curative properties rather than as places for recreation. Given the prevailing attitudes toward public decency, early swimwear was designed to conceal rather than provide comfort or ease of movement in the water. The thick wool fabric, while effective in maintaining modesty, absorbed water quickly, becoming heavy and cumbersome, making swimming a challenging and less enjoyable activity.
Growing Popularity and Practicality
(1910s – 1930s)
As swimming gained popularity as a recreational activity in the early 20th century, men’s swimwear started to evolve to meet the needs of an active lifestyle. The 1910s and 1920s saw the introduction of lighter wool knits that were more flexible and comfortable, allowing for greater freedom of movement. Designs moved away from full-body coverage, with some styles resembling a sleeveless jumpsuit that left the arms and part of the thighs exposed.
This period also marked the beginning of competitive swimming, with events such as the Olympic Games helping to shape the need for more practical and hydrodynamic swimwear. While some legal codes still required men to wear full-body swimsuits in public, social attitudes were gradually shifting towards prioritizing comfort and performance over strict modesty.
The Emergence of the Swim Trunk and Bare-Chested Style
(1930s – 1950s)
The 1930s saw one of the most significant changes in men’s swimwear: the acceptance of the bare-chested look. This transformation was influenced in part by Hollywood, where actors such as Johnny Weissmuller, an Olympic swimmer famous for playing Tarzan, showcased the athletic, shirtless style. As celebrities and athletes embraced this new look, the general public followed suit, leading to the gradual disappearance of the one-piece swimsuit.
By the late 1930s, swim trunks became the norm. These high-waisted trunks, often with belts or drawstrings for a secure fit, offered a sleek and practical alternative to previous styles. World War II brought advancements in fabric technology, particularly the introduction of synthetic materials like nylon. By the 1940s, nylon-based swimwear revolutionized men’s fashion by providing a lightweight, quick-drying and water-resistant alternative to wool, making swim trunks more comfortable and efficient in the water.
Bold Patterns and Surf Culture
(1960s – 1970s)
The 1960s and 1970s saw a transformation in men’s swimwear across the Western world, though the trends varied between the United States and Europe. While surf culture dominated American beaches, influencing the rise of long, loose-fitting board shorts made from quick-drying polyester, European swimwear followed a different trajectory. In Mediterranean beach destinations such as the French Riviera and the Italian coast, shorter, more form-fitting swim trunks were favoured, reflecting a more tailored and fashion-conscious approach.
European swimwear trends were also influenced by the region’s strong ties to high fashion. Designers in France and Italy played a role in popularizing sleek, minimalistic swimwear, often in solid colours or understated patterns. While American brands embraced bold, psychedelic prints and countercultural aesthetics, European brands leaned towards refined, elegant designs that emphasized sophistication. The contrast in styles highlighted broader cultural differences: American swimwear reflected a youthful, rebellious spirit, while European styles remained more aligned with traditional notions of elegance and refinement.
Speedos and Fitness Trends
(1980s – 1990s)
The 1980s saw the rise of the Speedo or Swim Briefs, a tight-fitting, high-cut swimsuit designed for performance. Originating in Australia, Swim Briefs became the preferred choice for competitive swimmers due to their hydrodynamic properties, reducing drag and improving speed in the water.
At the same time, the 1980s and 1990s saw a cultural shift towards fitness and bodybuilding. The popularity of figures like Arnold Schwarzenegger and the rise of gym culture emphasized muscularity and athleticism, leading to swimwear styles that showcased the male physique. The Swim Briefs became a symbol of confidence and body awareness, though it was also a divisive trend, with some embracing its boldness while others preferred the more modest board shorts or mid-thigh trunks.
Modern Swimwear: Style and Comfort
(2000s – Present)
By the early 2000s, men’s swimwear styles moved towards a balance between comfort, functionality and fashion. Swim trunks made a strong comeback, with shorter lengths than board shorts but offering more coverage than Swim Briefs. Advances in fabric technology led to quick-drying, lightweight materials like polyester and spandex blends, making modern swimwear more versatile for both swimming and beachside relaxation.
Today, men’s swimwear comes in a wide variety of styles, from fitted trunks to knee-length board shorts, catering to personal preferences and different beach activities. Contemporary swimwear also embraces a diverse range of colours, patterns, and influences from global fashion trends. From minimalist solid tones to retro-inspired florals and geometric prints, swimwear has become an extension of personal style, allowing men to express their individuality while enjoying beach and poolside activities.
In recent years, Swim Briefs have seen a resurgence in popularity, particularly in European beach destinations and among athletes. While they had long been associated with competitive swimming, their streamlined design and minimalist aesthetic have made them a fashionable choice for those embracing a confident, body-conscious look. Many modern designs incorporate subtle patterns and more refined cuts, making them a more widely accepted option beyond professional sports. Just like the FRNKOW Swim Briefs, which is adapting the double rib from our underwear.
